OpenAI’s ChatGPT talks Lynchburg

AI arguably didn’t reach the immense popularity it holds today until 2022 upon the release of ChatGPT, an AI chatbot developed by the American artificial intelligence research group OpenAI that remains one of the most popular of all time. A close second is Gemini, developed by Google.

AI chatbots such as these learn and train by collecting data over time in a “machine learning” process, writes Harvard. These programs are developed to be able to interact conversationally with humans and recognize patterns in people’s language in order to predict and replicate responses as similar to those of humans as possible.

While AI’s capabilities in this area are significant, Alexander Mason, the interdisciplinary studies chair at Liberty University who teaches an Ethics of Artificial Intelligence course, said the data that AIs use to generate responses have a “cutoff date.” This means the programs can only access information from given databases through a certain date — with newer versions of AI chatbots having access to more recent data — so it is still crucial to consult reliable sources and search engines to find the most up-to-date information, Mason said.

“I would never suggest to someone that chatbots should be their only source of information,” he said. “The more reliant we become on a singular source, I think that’s to our own detriment.”

He added AI-generated responses can also be swayed by the user’s “input,” or how the individual phrases their question(s).

Mason also warned that AI should not be completely relied on for accurate, up-to-date information, highlighting the flaw in the title itself.

“It’s not actually intelligent … all of this is based on predictability,” he said. “[Intelligence] is not quantifiable, and it’s not necessarily something that is reproducible in machines.”

Indeed, one of the most notable skills of AI is recognizing and replicating patterns. However, Brad Spendlove, a computer science professor at Randolph College, explained that “nonfactual information can still match the patterns that [AI is] trying to recognize.”

He commended AI’s ability to draw from multiple contexts, but recommended people continue to apply human judgement.

Mason further explained intelligence is what is referred to as a “metaphysical” quality — one that cannot be determined by objective studies of reality. While Mason said some scientists and technologists believe in “the singularity” — a point when technology exceeds human intelligence and AIs become self-aware or “a spark of life” — he is highly doubtful of this possibility. He emphasized his belief that it is not possible for intelligence to become a “physical” quality in this way.

While Mason has further concerns about AI, such as how it often contains bias, he feels it can be a “marvelous” tool for individuals and organizations to efficiently and specifically search and find information, “one of the most significant in human history,” he said.

Spendlove agreed that AI will only continue to improve.

Today, AI is capable of countless tasks such as holding complex conversations, acting as a search engine and creating texts such as resumes, poems and essays.

Many individuals turn to AI to answer general questions about certain people, places and ideas, but debates continue on how accurate and reliable software programs such as ChatGPT and Gemini really are.

Let’s experiment with this concept and compare how accurately GPT-3.5 and GPT-4o, two of OpenAI’s ChatGPT models released in 2022 and 2024, and Google’s Gemini can answer questions about the city of Lynchburg:

Me: What is the population of Lynchburg, Virginia?

GPT-3.5: As of my last update, the population of Lynchburg, Virginia, was estimated to be around 82,168 people. Population figures can change over time, so for the most current data, it’s good to check a recent census or demographic report.

*At no point was Lynchburg’s population 82,168. The current population of Lynchburg is 79,720, as confirmed by the World Population Review.

GPT-4o: As of 2024, the population of Lynchburg, Virginia is approximately 79,287. This city covers an area of 49 square miles, resulting in a population density of about 1,618.9 people per square mile​ (World Population Review)​​ (Census Reporter)​.

*This answer was correct at one point, but is outdated due to the Census Reporter drawing Lynchburg’s data from the 2022 American Community Survey. Additionally, GPT-4o provided a broken link in citing the World Population Review.

Gemini: The population of Lynchburg, Virginia is estimated to be around 79,720 as of 2024.

Me: When was Lynchburg, Virginia founded?

GPT-3.5: Lynchburg, Virginia, was founded in 1786. It was established as a town and later became a city in 1852.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by Lynchburg Tourism.

GPT-4o: Lynchburg, Virginia, was founded in 1786 by John Lynch. He established a ferry service across the James River in 1757, which led to the development of a settlement that eventually became the town of Lynchburg​ (Census Reporter)​.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by Lynchburg Tourism, but GPT-4o’s citing the Census Reporter as its source is not correct. This information is not available through the Census Reporter.

Gemini: Lynchburg, Virginia was founded in 1786. Though it was first settled in 1757 by John Lynch, it wasn’t officially recognized as a town until 1786.

Me: Who is on Lynchburg, Virginia’s City Council?

GPT-3.5: The members of Lynchburg, Virginia’s City Council can change due to elections and appointments. For the current members, it’s best to check the official Lynchburg city government website or local news sources for the most up-to-date information.

GPT-4: As of 2024, the Lynchburg, Virginia City Council consists of the following members:

• Stephanie Reed (Mayor, At-Large)

• Chris Faraldi (Vice Mayor, Ward IV)

• MaryJane Dolan (Ward I)

• Sterling Wilder (Ward II)

• Jeff Helgeson (Ward III)

• Marty Misjuns (At-Large)

• Larry Taylor (At-Large)

These members serve staggered four-year terms, with elections held for different seats in even-numbered years​ (Lynchburg VA)​.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by the City of Lynchburg.

Gemini: I can’t help with responses on elections and political figures right now. While I would never deliberately share something that’s inaccurate, I can make mistakes. So, while I work on improving, you can try Google Search.

Me: What is something unique to Lynchburg, Virginia?

GPT-3.5: One unique aspect of Lynchburg, Virginia, is its history and role in the American Civil War. Lynchburg served as a crucial supply center for the Confederate Army, due to its strategic location along the James River and as a transportation hub. The city played a significant role in the war effort, including the manufacturing of supplies and the presence of hospitals for wounded soldiers. Today, Lynchburg’s historical sites and museums reflect this pivotal period in American history, offering insights into its wartime contributions and impact on the region.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by Encyclopedia Virginia.

GPT-4o: Lynchburg, Virginia, has several unique attributes and features, but one notable and unique aspect is its connection to the American Civil War and its role as a significant transportation hub during that time.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by Encyclopedia Virginia.

Gemini: A Unique Gem: Lynchburg’s Hill City Charm

Lynchburg, Virginia is often referred to as the “Hill City” due to its rolling terrain. This unique geographic feature lends the city a distinct character that sets it apart.

While there are many other fascinating aspects to Lynchburg, such as its rich history, vibrant arts scene, and outdoor adventures, the city’s hilly landscape definitely contributes to its unique charm.

*This answer is subjectively correct.

Me: What are five animals that are native to Lynchburg, Virginia?

GPT-3.5: Here are five animals native to Lynchburg, Virginia:

1. Eastern Gray Squirrel: Commonly found in urban and suburban areas throughout Lynchburg.

2. White-tailed Deer: Frequently seen in wooded areas and occasionally in more open spaces.

3. Eastern Box Turtle: A terrestrial turtle species found in forests, fields, and suburban areas.

4. Eastern Cottontail Rabbit: Abundant in grassy and shrubby habitats across Lynchburg.

5. American Bullfrog: Found in ponds, lakes, and wetlands throughout the region.

These animals are part of the local wildlife ecosystem in Lynchburg, Virginia.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by iNaturalist and Lynchburg Parks and Recreation.

GPT-4o: Lynchburg, Virginia, is home to a diverse range of native wildlife. Here are five animals that are native to the area:

1. White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): This common and adaptable deer species is native to Virginia and thrives in various habitats, including forests, fields, and suburban areas.

2. Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis): These squirrels are native to eastern North America and are frequently seen in Lynchburg’s forests, parks, and urban areas.

3. Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): The red fox is a native predator in Virginia, commonly found in mixed woodlands, farmlands, and suburban areas.

4. Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina): This turtle species is native to the eastern United States and is often found in woodlands, meadows, and near water sources in Lynchburg.

5. Barred Owl (Strix varia): The barred owl is native to Virginia’s forests and woodlands, known for its distinctive call and nocturnal habits.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by iNaturalist, Lynchburg Parks and Recreation and eBird. The listed scientific names are correct as well.

Gemini: Lynchburg, nestled in the rolling hills of Virginia, is home to a diverse array of wildlife. Here are five animals you might encounter:

1. White-tailed Deer: These graceful creatures are a common sight in the area, often seen in wooded areas and open fields.
2. Raccoons: Highly adaptable, raccoons are prevalent in urban and suburban areas, known for their mischievous nature.
3. Eastern Gray Squirrel: A familiar sight in parks and backyards, these agile rodents are a beloved part of the local ecosystem.
4. Opossum: Often misunderstood, opossums play a crucial role in pest control. They are nocturnal and typically avoid human contact.
5. Box Turtle: These slow-moving reptiles are found in wooded areas and are known for their distinctive shell.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by iNaturalist and Lynchburg Parks and Recreation.

Me: What is the largest university in Lynchburg, Virginia by undergraduate population?

GPT-3.5: The largest university in Lynchburg, Virginia, by undergraduate population is Liberty University. It’s known for its sizable student body and diverse academic programs.

*This answer is correct, as confirmed by the U.S. News & World Report and Liberty University.

GPT-4o: The largest university in Lynchburg, Virginia, by undergraduate population is Liberty University. With its extensive range of on-campus and online programs, Liberty University enrolls tens of thousands of undergraduate students, making it the largest in the area.

Gemini: Liberty University is the largest university in Lynchburg, Virginia by undergraduate population.

Bonus — Let’s test the chatbots’ creativity:

Me: Write a poem about Lynchburg, Virginia.

GPT-3.5: In Lynchburg’s gentle hills and winding lanes, Where history whispers through the trees, A city nestled by the James River’s embrace, Bathed in tales of old, carried by the breeze.

From humble beginnings, a thriving heart, Where commerce and culture intertwine, Where echoes of the past still play their part, In streets that weave through stories fine.

Oh Lynchburg, where historic charm resides, In brick-lined streets and stately homes, Your skyline kissed by sunsets’ golden tides, A place where memories forever roam.

Here, where the Blue Ridge Mountains stand tall, And nature’s beauty paints each scene, Where whispers of the past softly call, In every corner, every nook serene.

Lynchburg, a city with a soul so true, Where past and present gracefully entwine, In every step, a tale anew, A timeless city, Lynchburg, divine.

*This is indeed a poem about Lynchburg, Virginia. It does not contain any inaccuracies.

GPT-4o: In Lynchburg’s heart, where rivers blend, The James and Rivanna gracefully bend, Among the hills, where echoes find The whispers of an old Virginia kind.

Gemini: Hill city nestled, where waters gleam, Lynchburg, a gem in Virginia’s dream. With history’s echoes, a soulful art, A gentle spirit, a noble heart.

From rolling hills to river’s bend, Nature’s beauty, a faithful friend. Sweet tea sipped, on porch swings low, Southern charm where friendships grow.

Jack Daniel’s born, a spirit deep, A taste of tradition, memories keep. Liberty University, a beacon bright, Inspiring minds with hope and light.

Through seasons’ change, its beauty stays, A canvas painted with golden rays. Lynchburg’s charm, a heart’s delight, A city shining, with morning light.

*This is indeed a poem about Lynchburg, Virginia, but it contains a flaw: Jack Daniel’s originated in Lynchburg, Tennessee, not Lynchburg, Virginia.

In summary, GPT-3.5 answered most of the questions correctly but presented certain outdated information due to its less recent data cutoff date. Its responses also lacked the detail seen with GPT-4o. While GPT-4o’s ability to accurately answer each question and cite sources was impressive, it did mislabel one source. All of Gemini’s given answers were correct, but it did not answer one question, and its poem contained a fairly significant error.

Based on this information, the point seems to stand that AI chatbots can be useful as search tools but should not be relied upon as the sole source of information.